Showing posts with label American History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label American History. Show all posts

Thursday, August 19, 2021

ஆப்கான் போர் நீண்டது அமெரிக்க ஆயுத விற்பனைக்கா?

 ஜனவரி 17 1961-இல் தன் பதவிக்காலம் முடிய சில நாட்கள் இருந்த போது ஜனாதிபதி ட்வைட் ஐசன்ஹோவர் ஓர் உரையில்ராணுவ-தனியார் நிறூவன கூட்டுக்கு” (Military-Industrial Complex) எதிராக கவனமாக இருக்க வேண்டுமென்றார். அது முதல் அச்சொற்றொடர் இடது சாரியினருக்கு சுவாசம் போல் ஆனது. ஐசன்ஹோவர் வலது சாரி :-). 

நண்பர் கே.வீ ஆப்கான் போர் பற்றி ஐந்து பதிவுகள் எழுதினார் அதன் கடைசிப் பகுதியில் (https://www.facebook.com/kay.vee.716970/posts/381022000249749 ) அப்போர் 20 வருடம் நீடித்ததற்கு இந்த ஆயுத தயாரிப்பு நிறுவனங்களே பெரும் காரணம் என்றார். அங்கே மறுமொழியிட்ட பலரும் அமோதித்தனர், சிலர்குத்துங்க எஜமான், இந்த அமெரிக்காவே இப்படித் தான், இந்த ஆயுத கம்பனிகளே இரண்டு தரப்புக்கும் சப்ளை செய்தார்கள்என்று கமெண்டுகள். கொஞ்சம் உண்மை என்ன என்று பார்ப்போமா?

ஆப்கான் போரினால் நிகழ்ந்த இழப்புகள், ஏமாற்றங்கள், நிறைவேறா நோக்கங்கள் இன்று நிகழ்ந்திருக்கும் வெளியேற்றத்தால் உண்டாகும் பின் விளைவுகள் இக்கட்டுரையின் எல்லைக்கப்பால். இக்கட்டுரை போர் நீண்டதற்கு ஆயுத நிறுவனங்கள் காரணமா என்பது மட்டுமே பேசுப் பொருள். 




தீவிர இடது சாரி இணைய தளம் “Intercept”இந்த ஆப்கான் வெளியேற்றத்தைத் தொடர்ந்து இப்போரில் பயன் பெற்றவர்கள் ஒரேயொரு தரப்பு தான், அது அமெரிக்க ஆயுத தயாரிப்பு நிறுவனங்கள் என்றது. போரின் ஆரம்பத்தில் அந்த நிறுவனங்களில் $10,000 போட்டிருந்தல் அதுவே இன்று $97,795 மதிப்புப் பெறும் ஆனால் அதே பணத்தை S&P 500-இல் போட்டிருந்தால் $61,612 தான் மதிப்பு பெறும் என்றார்கள். கொசுறு செய்தி, அதே $10,000-த்தை ஆப்பிளில் 2001-இல் முதலீடு செய்திருந்தால் 2012-இல் அது $667,159 மதிப்புப் பெறும் என்று ஒரு கணக்குச் சொல்கிறது. இது மாதிரி பல கணக்குகள் இருக்கின்றன.




ஆச்சர்யமாக "Intercept" கட்டுரைக்கான மறுப்பு "Slate" என்கிற இடது சாரி தளத்தில் ஃபிரெட் காப்லன் என்பவரால் எழுதப்பட்டது. காப்லன் முக்கிய அமெரிக்க ஆயுத நிறுவனங்களான போயிங், லாக்ஹீட் மார்ட்டின், ஜெனரல் டைனமிக்ஸ், நார்த்ரோப் கிரம்மன் ஆகியவற்றின் தளவாட விற்பனைகளை சுட்டிக் காட்டி, அவை பெரும்பாலும் மிகப் பெரிய விமானங்கள் அல்லது மிக நுட்பமான விலையுயர்ந்த கருவிகள் போன்றவையே, அவற்றுக்கு ஆப்கான் போரில் பெரும் பங்கு எதுவுமில்லை என்கிறார். மேலும் ஆப்கான் போரே நடக்கவில்லை என்றாலும் இந்த நிறுவனங்கள் கிட்டத் தட்ட இதே லாபத்தை அடைந்திருக்கும் என்கிறார். கொஞ்சம் யோசித்துப் பாருங்கள் இந்தியா ரபேல் விமானத்தை காஷ்மீர் தீவிரவாதத்துக்காகவா வாங்கியது? பாகிஸ்தானை உத்தேசித்து தான் இந்தியா வாங்கியது. போபர்ஸ் பீரங்கியும் அப்படி வாங்கியது தான். 

தலிபான் வைத்த்திருக்கும் ஆயுதங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் தோற்று ஓடிய ஆப்கான் படையினரிடம் இருந்து கைப்பற்றியதும் கள்ள மார்க்கெட்டில் வாங்கியதும் தான். அமெரிக்க ஆயுத நிறுவனங்கள் நினைத்தப் படி ஆயுதங்களை விற்க முடியாது. ஆயுத நிறுவனங்கள் யாருக்கு விற்கலாம், விற்க கூடாதென்பதற்கெல்லாம் அநேக சட்டங்கள் இருக்கின்றன. உடனே "ஆஹா அதெல்லாம் இடைத் தரகர் மூலம் நடக்கும்" என்று சொல்வதெல்லாம் தீவிர இடதும்/வலதும் சமைக்கிற கனவு சூழ்ச்சிகள், ஆதாரமில்லை. விதிகளை மீறி ஆயுதம் விற்றால் இந்த கம்ப்பெனிகளுக்கு கடும் தண்டனைகள் உண்டு. பன்னாட்டு நிதி நிறுவனங்களுக்கே அவர்களிடையே புழங்கும் நிதிக்கு நதிமூலம், ரிஷிமூலம் தெரியாமல் பணம் பரிவர்த்தனை செய்து அது தீவிரவாதிகளுக்கு உதவியாக இருந்தால் அந்நிறுவனங்கள் மிகக் கடுமையான சட்டங்கள் பாயும். 

மேலே சொன்னதெல்லாம் பொதுப்ப்படையான கருத்து தான். ஆயுத நிறுவனங்கள் மற்ற எல்லா அமெரிக்க நிறுவனங்களையும் போல் லாபியிஸ்டுகள் வைத்திருப்பார்கள் அதன் மூலம் தங்களுக்கு சாதகமான சட்டங்கள் உருவாக்க செயல்படுவார்கள். அதெல்லாம் இங்கு சாதாரணம். ஆனால் அதற்காக அரசையே கட்டுபடுத்துகிறார்கள் என்பதெல்லாம் கற்பனை. அமெரிக்க ஆயுத நிறுவனங்களா பின் லேடனை அமெரிக்காவை தாக்கு எங்களுக்கு வியாபாரம் நடக்கும் என்று ஊக்குவித்தார்கள்? இல்லையே? 9/11 சராசரி அமெரிக்கர் எல்லோருமே போருக்கு ஆதரவாகவே இருந்தனர். அன்று புத்தரே அமெரிக்க ஜனாதிபதியாக இருந்திருந்தாலும் போருக்கு போயிருப்பார். 

அமெரிக்காவின் தற்காப்பு பொருளாதார ஒதுக்கீட்டில் கணிசமான பகுதி சம்பளம், பயிற்சி, மருத்துவம் ஆகியவற்றுக்கு தான். 




அமெரிக்கா நிச்சயமாக உலக நாடுகள் பலவற்றோடு ஒப்பிட்டால் பல நூறு பில்லியன் டாலர் அதிகமாக ராணுவத்துக்கு செலவழிக்கிறது. ஆனால் அமெரிக்காவின் செலவை அமெரிக்க வருடாந்திர மொத்த உற்பத்தியோடு ஒப்பிட்டால் அது அவ்வளவு பெரிதல்ல என்று புரியும். 1980-களில் பனிப்போரின் உச்சத்தில் மொத்த பொருளாதாரத்தில் 7% இருந்த ராணுவ ஒதுக்கீடு இன்று 4% தான். இன்று அது கிட்டத்தட்ட $700 பில்லியன் டாலர். 



ஆயுத விற்பனையில் அமெரிக்காவின் பங்கு, உலக சந்தையில், 2016-2020 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு, 37%. அதே காலக் கட்டத்தில் ருஷ்யாவின் பங்கு 20%, பிரான்ஸ் 8.2%, ஜெர்மனி 5%, சீனா, 5%. இதில் அமெரிக்க, ஐரோப்பிய நிறுவனங்கள் சீனாவுக்கு தளவாடம் விற்பது கூட அதிக கவலைத் தருவதல்ல மாறாக நுட்பமான தகவல் கருவிகள், சாப்ட்வேர் போன்றவற்றை விற்பதே பிரச்சனை. இதில் எங்கே தாலிபானுக்கும், அல் கொய்தாவுக்கும் அமெரிக்க நிறுவனங்கள் விற்பது. 



2005-இல் ஐரோப்பாவுக்கு சுற்று பயணம் மேற்கொண்ட ஜார்ஜ் புஷ் ஐரோப்பிய அரசுகள் தங்கள் ராணுவத்துகாக செலவு செய்வதை விட சீனாவுக்கு விற்பதில் மும்முரம் காட்டுவதை கண்டித்தார் என்றது எகானமிஸ்டு பத்திரிக்கை. (https://www.economist.com/leaders/2005/02/24/merci-yall ). நேட்டோ ஒப்பந்தப் படி ஒவ்வொரு உறுப்பினரும் தங்கள் பாதுகாப்புக்கென்று வருடாந்திர மொத்த பொருளாதாரத்தில் ஒரு விகிதத்தை செலவு செய்ய வேண்டும் ஆனால் பிரான்ஸும், ஜெர்மனியும் அதை செய்வதில்லை மாறாக அமெரிக்கா செலவு செய்யும் என்று வேடிக்கை பார்க்கிறார்கள் என்று டிரம்ப் குற்றம் சாட்டியது நியாயமே. அமெரிக்க ராணுவ செலவு என்பது அமெரிக்காவுக்கானது மட்டுமல்ல.

அமெரிக்க நிதி ஒதுக்கீட்டில் ராணுவ ஒதுக்கீடு எவ்வளவு? மக்கள் நலன் சார்ந்த ஒதுக்கீடு எவ்வளவு. இதோ 2020-ஆம் ஆண்டுக்கான ஒதுக்கீடு. (https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57170 )




ராணுவ ஒதுக்கீடு $714 பில்லியன், வயதானோருக்கான மருத்துவக் காப்பீடு $769 பில்லியன், வசதியற்றோருக்கான மருத்துவக் காப்பீடு $458 பில்லியன், கோவிட்டால் பணி நீக்கம் செய்யாமிலிருக்க நிறுவனங்களுக்கு அளித்தது $526 பில்லியன், பென்ஷன் ஒதுக்கீடு $1.1 டிரில்லியன். என்னமோ அமெரிக்காவே ஆயுத கம்பெனிகளுக்கு தாரை வார்த்து எல்லோரும் பசி, பட்டினியால் வாடுவது போல் யாரும் நினைக்க வேண்டாம். நிச்சயமாக போர் செலவினங்கள் வேறு செலவுகளுக்கு உதவியிருக்கலாம். அது வேறு விவாதம். ஆப்கான் போர் அமெரிக்கா மீது திணிக்கப்பட்ட போர் தான். 

அமெரிக்கா போரிடுகிறது என்று அங்கலாய்ப்பவர்கள் பல விஷயங்களை மறந்து விடுகிறார்கள். சீனாவும், ரஷ்யாவும் என்ன பூப்பரித்துக் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்களா? சீனா ஆப்பிரிக்காவை கபளீகரம் செய்கிறது, தெற்காசிய கடல் பகுதிகளில் கோலோச்ச நினைக்கிறது, இந்தியாவுக்கு நெருக்கடி கொடுக்கிறது. ரஷ்யா உக்ரைனை சுவாஹா செய்கிறது, ஜார்ஜியாவை அடக்குகிறது, சிரியாவில் மிகப் பெரிய படு பாதகங்களை பஷார் அசாத்துடன் கைக்கோர்த்து செய்கிறது. சிரியாவில் விஷ வாயு குண்டு பிரயோகித்தால் நடவடிக்கை எடுப்பேன் என்றார் ஒபாமா அப்புறம் கை கழுவியது தான் மிச்சம். ஈரான் அனுகுண்டு தயாரிக்கிறது அதை அமெரிக்கா தடுக்க முயன்றது, முயல்கிறது. அது இந்தியாவுக்கு பயன் தான். அதற்கான பணத்தில் என் வரிப்பணமும் உண்டு. 

அமெரிக்க பரிசுத்த நாடு அல்ல. உலகமும் பரிசுத்தமல்ல. ஆனால் நிச்சயம் இன்று அமெரிக்க தலைமையின்றி உலகின் சுதந்திர பகுதிகள் பாதுகாப்பாக இருக்க முடியாது. America, for good reason, remains the leader of the free world. 


Sunday, May 14, 2017

Books to Understand America: A Bibliographic Odyssey

L.K. Advani’s juggernaut across India in a motorized chariot in 1990 reshaped India’s politics for decades to come. Donald Trump’s stunning victory in US Presidential election in 2016 was epochal. Advani’s chariot ride evoked a wide spectrum of discussions and conversations but, unlike America in the wake of Trump’s victory, no academic output to interpret or contextualize the event. That is the key difference between the two rambunctious democracies.

A vast majority of Indians have no knowledge of their own country’s history, ancient or modern, beyond the pathetically elementary episodes they learn in school. The academic output of India, particularly in the popular history or popular publication market, pales into insignificance compared to the rich and varied output in US. 

Indians carry their incurious nature as a second skin to any country they emigrate to. It is not uncommon to see Indians, irrespective of how long they live in US or UK, to have a churlish attitude towards the lands that they emigrated to and refuse to depart from. Intellectual incuriousness is not a malaise unless the person unmindful of it starts spouting inane opinions with little understanding. They mistake that watching CNN or Sky News makes them well informed about a complex society. It is as stupid as an American who might think he understands India by watching Zee TV or any of the hundreds of local variations. 

There’s an America that’s to be discovered through a rich bibliography selection. Based on the books I’ve bought, and read some, over the many years here’s a list that could be useful for any curious mind that seeks an answer as to how a motley group of colonies in 1776 willed itself into a nation and over two centuries became a land of prosperity, hope and opportunity for millions, not to mention creating unprecedented economic prosperity, a military that is formidable and completely dominate university rankings. Here is the America that earned my love and respect.

I’ve arranged the bibliography by topics. This is a sprinkling of a selection that any decent reader can use to form an opinion of USA. I’ve ensured that large tomes do not dominate and mostly kept the list to the moderately difficult to read.



Before a comprehensive list here’s a short list of recommendations:

  1. The metaphysical mind: A story of ideas in America — Louis Menand.
  2. The radicalism of American Revolution - Gordon Wood
  3. Ideological origins of the American Revolution - Bernard Bailyn
  4. American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence - Pauline Maier
  5. The great American university:Its rise to preeminence its indispensible national role, why it must be protected — Jonathan R. Cole
  6. The idea factory: Bell Labs and the great age of American innovation — Jon Gertner
  7. The fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery — Eric Foner
  8. This republic of suffering: Death and the American civil war — Drew Gilpin Faust
  9. Parting the waters: America in the King Years 1954-63 — Taylor Branch
  10. Gideon’s Trumpet: How one man, a poor prisoner took his case to the US Supreme Court - Anthony Lewis
  11. The paranoid style in American politics — Richard Hoftstadter
  12. The passions and the interests: Political Arguments for capitalism before its triumph — A.O. Hirschman
  13. Free to choose - Milton Friedman
  14. The Founders and Finance: How Hamilton, Gallatin, and other immigrants forged a New Economy — Thomas K. McCraw
  15. The Dead Hand: The untold story of the cold war arms race and its dangerous legacy — David Hoffman
  16. Looming Tower: Al Queda and the road to 9/11 — Lawrence Wright
  17. Black Flags: The rise of ISIS — Joby Warrick
  18. Gunfight: The battle over the right to bear arms in America — Adam Winkler
  19. America’s bitter pill: Money, politics, backroom deals, and the fight to fix our broken healthcare system — Steven Brill
  20. Fault Lines: How hidden fractures still threaten the world economy — Raghuram Rajan
  21. Washington — Ron Chernow
  22. Thomas Jefferson: The art of power — Jon Meacham
  23. Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan invented the 1980s - Gil Troy
  24. Arrow smith (fiction) - Sinclair Lewis
  25. Atlas Shrugged (fiction) - Ayn Rand
The Trump election:
Let’s start with the obvious.

  1. Hillbilly Elegy: A memoir of a family and culture in crisis — J.D. Vance
  2. Strangers in their own land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right — Arlie Hochschild
  3. The politics of resentment: Rural consciousness in Wisconsin and the rise of Scott Walker — Katherine J. Cramer
  4. White Backlash: Immigration, race and American politics — Marisa Abrajano and Zoltan L. Hajnal
  5. What is populism? — Jan-Werner Muller
  6. The populist explosion: How the great recession transformed American and European politics — John B. Judis

Science and Education:
Little do many realize that America’s dominance of tertiary education is far more than its military dominance compared to other countries. The story of US is better understood by approaching through a learning of its education system, the battles over science and scientific innovation.

  1. The great American university: Its rise to preeminence its indispensible national role, why it must be protected — Jonathan R. Cole
  2. The Chicago school: How the university of Chicago assembled the thinkers who revolutionized economics and business — Johann Van Overtveldt
  3. The marketplace  of ideas: Reform and Resistance in American University — Louis Menand
  4. The closing of the American mind - Allen Bloom
  5. In defense of a liberal education — Fareed Zakaria
  6. Emperor of Maladies — Siddhartha Mukherjee
  7. Polio — David Oshinsky
  8. The social transformation of American medicine: The rise of a sovereign profession and the making of a vast industry — Paul Starr
  9. The devi in Dover: An insider’s story of Dogma V. Darwin in small-town America — Lauri Lebo
  10. Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s continuing Debate over Science and Religion — Edward J. Larson
  11. Operation Paperclip: The secret intelligence program that brought Nazi scientists to America — Annie Jacobsen
  12. The idea factory: Bell Labs and the great age of American innovation — Jon Gertner
  13. The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale and Princeton — Jerome Karabel
  14. Mismatch: How affirmative action hurts students it’s intended to help, and why universities wont admit it — Stuart Taylor Jr. and Richard Sander
  15. The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks — Rebecca Skloot
American history (Revolutionary Era):
  1. The radicalism of the American revolution — Gordon Wood
  2. Founding brothers: The revolutionary generation — Joseph J. Ellis
  3. American creation: Triumphs and tragedies in the founding of the Republic — Joseph J. Ellis
  4. American Sphinx: The character of Thomas Jefferson — Joseph J. Ellis  
  5. Ideological origins of the American revolution — Bernard Bailyn
  6. The Barbarous years: The peopling of British North America — The conflict of Civilizations — Bernard Bailyn
  7. Ratification — Pauline Mayer
  8. American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence — Pauline Mayer
  9. The bill of rights: Creation and Reconstruction — Professor Akhil Reed Amar
  10. American Colonies — Alan Taylor
  11. The metaphysical mind: A story of ideas in America — Louis Menand
American history (Civil War and Slavery)
  1. Battle cry of freedom: The civil war era - James M. Mcpherson
  2. Civil war trilogy  - Bruce Catton
  3. The classic slave narrative — Henry Louis Gates
  4. The fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery — Eric Foner
  5. The Problem of slavery (2 volumes) — David Brion Davis
  6. This republic of suffering: Death and the American civil war — Drew Gilpin Faust
  7. Mothers of invention: Women of the slaveholding south in the American civil war — Drew Gilpin Faust
  8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Fiction) — Harriet Beecher Stowe.
  9. Gone with the wind (fiction) - Margaret Mitchell
  10. Underground Railroad (fiction) - Colson Whitehead
  11. The other lavery: The uncovered story of Indian enslavement in America — Andres Resendez
American history (Civil Rights Struggle)

1. The souls of black folk - W.E.B. Du Bois
2. Parting the waters: America in the King Years 1954-63 — Taylor Branch
3. Malcolm X - Manning Marable
4. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference — David Garrow
5. W.E.B. Du Bois (2 separate volumes) — David Levering Lewis
6. The race beat: The press, the civil rights struggle and the awakening of a nation — Gene Roberts
7. Common Ground: J. Anthony Lukas
8. Freedom’s Daughters: The unsung heroines of the civil rights movement from 1830-1970 — Lynne Olson
9. Hidden figures: The American dream and the untold story of black women mathematicians who helped win the space race — Margot Lee Shetterly
10. From Brown to Bakke: The Supreme Court and school integration 1954-1978 — J. Harvie Wilkinson
11. When affirmative action was white: An untold history of racial inequality in twentieth century America — Ira Katznelson

Law:
  1. Make no law: The Sullivan case and the First Amendment — Anthony Lewis
  2. Gideon’s Trumpet: How one man, a poor prisoner took his case to the US Supreme Court - Anthony Lewis
  3. The Nine: Inside the Secret world of the Supreme court - Jeffrey Toobin
  4. Origins of the fifth amendment: The right against self incrimination -- Leonard Levy

Political Science
  1. Anti-intellectualism in American Life — Richard Hofstadter
  2. The paranoid style in American politics — Richard Hoftstadter
  3. The American Political tradition: And the men who made it — Richard Hofstadter
  4. The cycles of American history — Arthur Schlesinger Jr.
  5. The Conservative mind: From Burke to Eliot — Russell Kirk
  6. The conservative intellectual movement in America since 1945 — George H. Nash
America and Capitalism:
  1. The passions and the interests: Political Arguments for capitalism before its triumph — A.O. Hirschman
  2. Free to choose — Milton Friedman
  3. The road to serfdom - Friedrich Hayek
  4. The Founders and Finance: How Hamilton, Gallatin, and other immigrants forged a New Economy — Thomas K. McCraw
  5. Prophets of regulation — Thomas K. McCraw
  6. Founding Choices: American Economic Policy in the 1790s — Douglas Irwin
  7. The half has never been told: Slavery and the making of American capitalism — Edward E. Baptist
  8. An empire of wealth: The epic history of American economic power — John Steele Gordon
  9. The Walmart effect — Charles Fishman
  10. Exxon: Private Empire  — Steve Coll
  11. Steve Jobs — Walter Isaacson
  12. American Icon: Alan Mulally and the Fight to save Ford Motor Company
  13. Freedom’s Forge: How American business Produced victory in World War II — Arthur Herman
  14. The arsenal of democracy: FDR, Detroit, and an Epic quest to Arm an America at War — A.J. Baime
  15. The forgotten man — Amity Shlaes
Labor movements and Labor history:
  1. Triangle: The fire that changed America — David Von Drehle
  2. It didn't happen here: Why Socialism Failed in the United States — Seymour Martin Lipset and Gary Wolfe
  3. Collision Course: Ronald Reagan, the Air Traffic controllers, and the strike that changed America — Joseph A. McCartin
Cold-War, Post-Cold War and Foreign Policy:
  1. The Dead Hand: The untold story of the cold war arms race and its dangerous legacy — David Hoffman
  2. Command and Control: Nuclear weapons, the Damascus accident, and the illusion of safety — Eric Schlosser
  3. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis — Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow]
  4. Lenin’s Tomb: The last days of the Soviet Empire — David Remnick
  5. Red Plenty (part fiction) — Francis Spufford
  6. THe coldest Winter: America and the Korean War — David Halberstam
  7. Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam — Neil Sheehan
  8. Vietnam: A history — Stanley Karnow
  9. Present at the Creation — Dean Acheson
  10. George F. Kennan: An American life — John Lewis Gaddis
  11. Thirteen days in September: The dramatic story of the struggle for peace — Lawrence Wright
Post 9-11 world:
  1. Looming Tower: Al Queda and the road to 9/11 — Lawrence Wright
  2. Ghost Wars: The secret history of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laded — Steve Coll
  3. Black Flags: The rise of ISIS — Joby Warrick
  4. ISIS Apocalypse: The history, Strategy and the doomsday vision of the Islamic state — William McCants
  5. A history of Isis — Fawaz A. Gerges
  6. No good men among the living: America, the Taliban and the war in Afghanistan — Anand Gopal
  7. The Way of the Knife: The CIA, a secret army and a war at the ends of the Earth — Mark Mazetti
  8. Fiasco: The American military adventure in Iraq, 2003-2005 — Thomas E. Ricks
Contemporary Politics and Issues:
  1. Gunfight: The battle over the right to bear arms in America — Adam Winkler
  2. America’s bitter pill: Money, politics, backroom deals, and the fight to fix our broken healthcare system — Steven Brill
  3. Remedy and reaction: The peculiar American struggle over healthcare reform — Paul Starr
  4. While America Aged: How pension debts ruined General Motors, stopped NYC subways, bankrupted San Diego, and loom as the next financial crisis — Roger Lowenstein
  5. Fault Lines: How hidden fractures still threaten the world economy — Raghuram Rajan
  6. Too big to fail: The inside story of how Wall Street and Washington fought to save the Financial system—and themselves — Andrew Ross Sorkin
  7. Stress Test: Reflections on financial crises — Timothy F. Geithner
  8. Dark money: The hidden history of the billionaires behind the rise of the radical right — Jane Meyer
Music and Arts:
  1. Last Train to Memphis: The Rise of Elvis Presley — Peter Guralnick
  2. The history of Jazz — Ted Goia
  3. How to listen to Jazz — Ted Goia
  4. Pops: A life of Louis Armstrong — Terry Teachout
  5. Satchmo blows up the world: Jazz Ambassadors play the cold war — Penny M. Von Eschen
  6. Dinner with Lenny: The Last long interview with Leonard Bernstein
Notable biographies and memoirs:
  1. Washington — Ron Chernow
  2. Hamilton — Ron Chernow
  3. Thomas Jefferson: The art of power — Jon Meacham
  4. John Adams - David McCullough
  5. Truman - David McCullough
  6. Traitor to his class: The privileged life and radical presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt — H.W. Brands
  7. Unfinished life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963 — Robert F. Dallek
  8. The power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York — Robert Caro
  9. Reagan: The life — H.W. Brands
  10. Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan invented the 1980s - Gil Troy
  11. Destiny and Power: The american odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush — Jon Meacham
  12. The Bridge: The life and rise of Barack Obama — David Remnick
  13. Emerson: The mind on Fire — Richard D. Richardson Jr
  14. Walt Whitman’s America: A cultural Biography
Oxford Publications on American history:
  1. The Glorious cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789 — Robert Middlekauff
  2. Empire of Liberty: A history of the early republic, 1789-1815 — Gordon Wood
  3. What hath God wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 — Daniel Walker Howe
  4. From Colony to Super Power: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776 — George C. Herring
  5. Freedom from fear: The American people in Depression and War, 1929-1945 — David M. Kennedy
Notable fiction:
  1. Arrowsmith - Sinclair Lewis
  2. Main Street - Sinclair lEwis
  3. Humboldt’s Gift - Saul Bellow
  4. The adventures of Augie March — Saul Bellow
  5. As I lay Daying / The Sound and the fury / Light in August — William Faulkner
  6. Leaves of grass - Walt Whitman
  7. A farewell to arms - Ernest Hemingway
  8. American Pastoral - Philip Roth
  9. Fountainhead - Ayn Rand
  10. Atlas Shrugged - Ayn Rand

Monday, April 18, 2016

Defeating Donald Trump is a Moral imperative.

"His imagination should not be married to power". With words of rare eloquence and passion Mitt Romney summed up why Donald Trump's candidacy threatens the bedrock of American democracy. Defeating Trump is not a political choice but a moral imperative and here's why.

Every election year we hear that this is the most important election of our lifetime but 2016 election is, without a doubt, the election of our lifetimes. Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders are riding a wave of discontentment fueled by voters anger against the so-called 'establishment' and 'status-quo'. Trump and Sanders are easily interchangeable but for the mendacity and racism that undergirds Trump's candidacy. Sanders and Trump's positions on trade and foreign policy, two of America's most important pillars, are absolutely alike. They both have stoked a resentment towards establishment candidates and the parties themselves that seek to be standard bearers of. Both have literally hijacked the parties they seek to represent. Yet, it is Trump who literally threatens the heart and soul of America and therefore defeating him is a moral choice.

"He tells it like it is" say his supporters. Nothing is further from truth. Trump says what voters want to hear and without filters. Trump has made a virtue of being politically incorrect and his voters swoon with admiration that he's tearing up the playbook. When he was booed at a debate Trump sneered, with contempt dancing on his lips, "all lobbyists and supporters of Jeb". He was right. Tickets for being in debate audiences were often sold to lobbyists, campaigns and volunteers. What no candidate would've had the chutzpah to state bluntly Trump gladly stated and dismissed unfavorable audience reaction. Like many things with Trump he is correct once and wrong many times over. His 'tell it like it is' was less about stating inconvenient truths and more about flinging offensive accusations, blatant racism and sexism.



Trump launched his candidacy by informing America that Mexicans are rapists and vowed that he'd deport millions of illegal immigrants. In a country where the politically correct term for an illegal immigrant is 'undocumented immigrant' Trump's offensive became refreshing candor. While it is liberalism run amuck to object calling an illegal immigrant by the word "illegal" it is beyond indecency to call a people as 'rapists'. It is naked bigotry and accepting it because he serves it alongside with a dish of boldness is exactly the stupidity that'll unmake a great country. What is worse Trump cites the controversial programs of the Eisenhower era to support the feasibility of deporting millions. That program was unmitigated humanitarian disaster and America, at large, will simply not tolerate it today. China has a wall that was built to fend of invaders and therefore building a wall will be panacea to America's immigration mess says Trump and, to the lusty cheer of his supporters, he adds that he'll make "Mexico to pay for the wall". Pressed on how he'd make Mexico pay for it Trump cites the trade deficits with Mexico as a leverage. Damn the consequences of a trade war.

Both Sanders and Trump rail against trade agreements like NAFTA as having robbed America's jobs. Trump in addition rants that American negotiators, unlike him, the author of 'The art of the deal', were weak and every other country practically took advantage of US. When I watched a documentary of Reagan negotiating with Gorbachev at Reykjavik I wondered if Obama, famously aloof, would ever do such a thing. The trans-pacific-pact is a grand achievement that serves important economic and strategic goals of US. Trump said that China, which is not a part of the deal, had the better part of the deal. Why bother with knowing the details when empty sloganeering with dollops of outrage is all the electorate needs?

Why should America , asked Trump, defend South Korea and Japan while their cars, not American cars, take the lion's share of American car buying. Both Sanders and Trump conveniently forget that Japanese cars, more expensive than American cars, are the choice of American consumers who benefit from better quality vehicles being available. A little realized fact is that Hondas and Nissans are now mostly made in America. And, they are sold in America by the same rights that GM enjoys in selling in China and India.

Trump shocked foreign policy orthodoxy when he suggested that South Korea and Japan acquire nuclear weapons of their own. A nuclear arms race in South Asia is the last thing the world needs. After apoplectic reactions ricocheted across the world Trump gave an incoherent back track.

Sanders and Trump rail against NATO, the most successful military alliance in human history. Yes, it has been a long standing complaint that Europe takes a free ride on American military expenditure but no one in their sane mind has suggested, precisely when Russia and China are threatening global peace, torpedoing the grand military alliance.

Building a wall, tearing up NAFTA, withdrawing from NATO would all be acceptable nonsense and even an artless blunt way of speaking about issues in an attention grabbing way. All of that while enough to disqualify him for the Presidency what make him dangerous is his non-policy related vitriol. Policy related insanity can be stopped by Congress and other institutions but the democratic institutions of any country, including a 200 year old republic, are no match to racist rhetoric.

ISIS is beheading hostages so it is OK to waterboard them or kill their families said Trump. When CIA chief said that his organization will not follow any illegal order even if it is the commander-in-chief issuing them Trump blustered that as President he has the right to issue any order. I was reminded of Richard Nixon's "when the President does it, it is not illegal".

I was watching Oliver Stone's largely fictional 'Nixon' and it dawned on me that Donald Trump is more dangerous than Richard Nixon.

A sickening refrain I hear from his supporters is that he'll be more presidential once he gets the nomination or the presidency. We're told by his admirers that all this vulgarity and pugnacity is for show and that unbeknownst to us there is a gentleman to boot within Trump's persona that is waiting to taking front seat once he sits at the Oval office. This is absolute cockamamie bullshit and Nixon was proof of it.

Richard Nixon believed and practiced slash and burn politics. Nixon, the president, it turned out, was no different from Nixon the candidate. Speaking of his democratic opponent, a lady, Nixon said "she's pink down to her underwear". In office Nixon referred to Indira Gandhi, a leader he loathed, will even worse epithets. Trump wants to make it easy to sue for libel and give the First Amendment a knock. Richard Nixon's henchmen cast the press as enemies and went at the press with gusto. Race baiting was par for the course for Richard Nixon and Trump follows suit. In office Nixon was no different.

During the heated presidential race of 2008 rumors flew about Sarah Palin's youngest child and about the pregnancy of her teenage daughter. Obama unequivocally said "family is off limits". When a supporter spoke of Obama as a Muslim McCain objected and said "No" to the supporter. Campaigns have played nasty about families but never before has it been done directly by the candidate himself. In fact candidates go to great lengths to distance themselves from the troops who malign opponents, just to appear presidential. Hypocritical as it may seem we little realize that the sense of shame that makes candidates behave so is the last remaining defense against a president become the attack dog himself.

When a Super PAC released half-naked photos of Trump's wife Trump, after threatening to 'spill the beans' on Ted Cruz's wife, retaliated by sending tweet of an unflattering photo of Ted Cruz's wife alongside a stunning photo of his wife. All lines of decency has been breached by Trump. To add to it all, he, without any evidence, accused the Ted Cruz campaign of having coordinated with the Super PAC, a federal crime, to release those photos of his wife from a photoshoot she did in her days as a model. Accusing an opponent of federal crime and then disgracing his wife for her looks shows that Trump, in pursuit of the office, will not only slash burn but practically adopt a Hannibal like scorched earth policy.

Let us assume for a moment that Trump indeed becomes presidential after getting the nomination should we then forget and forgive these transgressions. Absolutely no. If we did that we'd have only condoned the attitude of unleashing a spectrum of despicable behaviors in the pursuit of office. A victory does not and never should it validate abandoning principles in it's pursuit. Never in human history has anyone achieved victory dishonorably only to behave honorably in office. Dishonorable candidates have been worse in office. Richard Nixon is a stark reminder of that.

Both Sanders and Trump are proving to be sore losers when it comes to how they talk of possibly losing the nomination thanks to the labyrinthine rules of the primary processes in each party. While the primary processes of each party can do with some reforms it is churlish when candidates complain of the process when they lose. Sanders's supporters, equally mercenary like and very willfully blind to logic like Trump voters, threaten revolting against the nominee if it's not their candidate. A key difference is that Trump, unlike Sanders, is openly threatening violence at the convention. Whatever the merits in Trump's complaints be, threatening violence unless he gets his way is a dangerous attitude that even Nixon did not show.

The 1960 election was a nail biting close one and charges of voter fraud against JFK, especially in Chicago, flew thick and fast and yet, even Richard Nixon, shied away from contesting the election. While Al Gore tried every constitutional method to change the verdict in Florida there came a point where even he yielded in the larger interest of the nation. To both Nixon and Gore the country was above party and the presidency was above satisfying personal ambition. Don't expect such grace from Trump. He'd rather leave the country dismembered than subjugate his volcanic ego. This is not portrayal of strong leadership but dangerously naked megalomania.

Politicians have always had contentious and even confrontational relationships with journalists and media houses. During a campaign stop in 2000 Bush was overheard on an open microphone, which he did not know was open, referring to New York Times journalist Adam Clymer unflatteringly and Dick Cheney agreeing. What they'd say behind closed doors Trump will do on twitter for all world to see. Trump's conduct of hurling abuses at Fox News anchor Megyn Kelly has been the most interesting sub-plot of this election. From accusing that her tough questioning of him during a debate was because she was menstruating ('she has blood coming out of her wherever')to ranting that he's overrated he has made it a personal crusade between himself and her. Again, that Bush would be careful to say something in what he thought was a private moment and not in public is not hypocrisy or being weak. Spouting off whatever crosses one's mind in a moment is not how ordinary citizens conduct themselves in their daily lives with their spouses, colleagues and kids, let alone presidents or candidates running for the highest office of the land. Now, think about whether Richard Nixon said anything close to Trump's tweets about Washington Post or Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein.

Who was the last American presidential candidate who talked on a debate stage about the size of his hands and that of his genitals? Who was the last candidate who relished giving his opponents offensive nicknames? Lying Ted. Low energy Jeb. Short Marco. Crooked Hillary. Would we condone our kids behaving like that? Why should we accept from a presidential candidate what we would not accept from our kids? We teach our kids that being a bully is not being strong. How do we accept schoolyard taunts from a candidate? Today it is his political opponents and tomorrow it very well could be Angela Merkel or David Cameron. Presidents and Prime Ministers speak colorfully of their counterparts in private meetings but when such comments are leaked a full blown damage control will be unleashed. Again, and again, by obliterating what people do in private and in full public glare and by promoting it as 'telling it like it is' we are promoting a bully.

The Trump rhetoric is seeping into the public conscience and already reports are coming out that school kids are adopting his rhetoric. In Wisconsin, a Fox news report says, at a high school girls soccer match "a group of students yelled 'Donald Trump' and 'Build the wall' at rival Latino players". The report says that similar incidents occurred in high school basketball games in Indiana and Iowa. The report adds that an analysis by Southern Poverty Law Center, an organization that tracks racial incidents, showed that 'of 5000 comments from teacher across the country' a staggering '1000 of them mentioned Trump as a factor in spreading racial and religious tension'.

Trump nonchalantly cites FDR's internment of Japanese-Americans in the aftermath of Pearl Harbor as precedence for treating Muslim-Americans differently. Are Americans concerned about terrorists using refugees as cover to infiltrate? Of course, yes. But to pander to fear and to fuel it by proposing an embargo on Muslims is sheer bigotry. In a moment of sweet irony now even democrats, including Obama, are citing how George Bush conducted himself very carefully after 9/11 and went to great lengths to show that America is not at war with Islam. Muslims serve in US military and CIA and Muslim neighborhoods in US have cooperated with FBI is combating terror.

I recently visited Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and saw a moving exhibit about letters that Japanese-American fathers wrote to their sons who joined the all-Nisei 100th infantry battalion. A father wrote, "do your best for your country (America). Die if you must. Live, if you can, but whatever you do, do not bring haji (shame) to the family. Your country, the honor of your family comes first". Let us remember that the most famous and longest running incidents of espionage in FBI and CIA were carried out by white Americans.

Mitt Romney was hounded all through 2008 for being the CEO of Bain Capital, a private equity firm that specialized in Leveraged Buy Outs. He was pilloried endlessly for the layoffs at firms that Bain took over. Romney always nervously explained how he created jobs 'net-net'. Private equity firms are literally the last resort of failing firms and therefore in the inevitable restructuring that follows. Watching a passionate and eloquent  Romney making the case for why Trump should not be elected many muttered "we'd not be here if only he had shown such passion and eloquence in getting himself elected". Where Romney was shy to explain the virtues of private equity Trump supplied bombast and bravado when asked to explain the bankruptcies of his firms. Trump thumped his chest and said that as businessman he was smart to use the available legal options for shutting down non-profitable businesses. The audience cheered as he added that having used the loopholes he's knowledgeable to fix American economy. Oy vey, why not elect Bernie Madoff and the long list of corporate crooks? America, with good reason does not 'elect' CEOs and with even better reasons does not 'select' CEOs to be Presidents.

Romney himself unwittingly provides the best evidence of the dangers of accommodating a little evil in the hope that it is just objectionable and nothing serious. Trump endorsed Romney in 2012 for the presidency. At that time Trump was notorious for what is called 'birther' nonsense, questioning that Obama was not qualified to be president because he was not, contrary to all evidence, a natural born US citizen. When such basic indecency is tolerated as a passing fad we should not be surprised when it mutates into something monstrous as mendacity without limits. Trump hit back at Romney saying that if he had asked Romney to "drop down" on his knees for that endorsement in 2012 Romney would've gladly done so.

The United States Holocaust Memorial quote's a text from Pastor Martin Neimoller to illustrate the dangers of accommodating evil because it is directed at somebody else.

"First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out-
Because I was not a socialist.
Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out-
Because I was not a Trade Unionist.
Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out-
Because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for me-and there was no one left to speak for me"

If Romney had repudiated Trump when he was insulting the President of the United States as unqualified he could've occupied an unsullied moral pedestal from which if he had issued his condemnations they would've had a unrivaled moral strength.

I vividly remember how Lal Krishna Advani stoked the fires of religious separatism in pursuit of political office. In office as Deputy Prime Minister Advani's conduct was irreproachable but the Frankenstein's monster he had unleashed continues reverberate and create tremors in the Indian polity. Nixon created the EPA, the darling of today's leftists; wanted to implement universal healthcare, an obsession for Sanders today; created history by opening relationships with China and yet he's rated as the worst president in US history for the many wrongs he inflicted on humanity and democracy and all his wrongs stemmed from Nixon's own twisted megalomania married to power. America and the world can ill afford another Richard Nixon.

Donald Trump may become the nominee of the Republican Party or even, god forbid, the President but he'd have done so without my vote. I owe this to my conscience and to my daughter.